We now recognize and study different types of systems, but for the most part
fail to see the relationship between these systems—that in fact they form
a system and each, based on its unique potential and nature, has a particular
role to play within the larger system. The typology offered here presents a “system
of systems thinking”, the underlying structure of which is a nested hierarchy
of increasing orders of complexity and richness. Each level offers a different
order of capability to manage diverse and complex dynamics with distinctive design
and managing implications for how to organize at that level. As a hierarchy of
value (vs. power), each level has its own richness and value in itself that is
subsumed into higher levels as one moves up the hierarchy. In turn, each level
provides a value context for lower levels when working down the hierarchy. This
hierarchy adds two levels beyond those presented in most discussions on
system thinking. 23 pgs
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